market value is what ever someone will pay period
I don't think that is necessarily the case.
If 5 guys would pay $1k for a date with Pamela Anderson but one desperate guy would pay $100k, what is the market price? Surely the outlier would not be included in the market price.
In 1890, it was the highest price that would be paid. In 1950/1962, that started to change a bit. A caveat was added to take away the effects of "abnormal pressure". Meaning that market value shouldn't be based on circumstances where the buyer is under high pressure.
In 1975 & 1981 it changed by adding even more conditions. It also changed the "highest" price to the "most probable" price a property SHOULD bring.
Current definitions continue to evolve.
Yes, these are all for real estate prices. But I think the same semantics can apply here for NIL.
Market Value shouldn't be, IMO, what the highest bidder will pay. THat isn't fair as the highest bidder may be so much higher than anyone else is willing to pay because they have more assets, have more need or other circumstances demand it.
Market Value should be what is a reasonable, probably price that most would pay.
Let's say I'm selling my home for $500k and have a few people interested. We get into a bidding war. Most buyers are around the $500k range. But one buyer has a rich oil man that really wants this property for whatever reason and offers more than he knows anyone else would offer. Let's say $1MM, just to make sure he gets it. Is the market value for my house really $1MM? Do all the other homes around me increase in value because of this inflated sales price?